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托福真題及答案解析

In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth centuryone cannot really use the term "urban planning,” as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization which, in most instancesdid not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that beaan in the 1890s.While there certainly were urban areas that were"planned” in the comprehensive contemporary sense of the word before that date, most

notably WashingtonD.Cthese were the exception. Most“planned"in the nineteenth century was limited to areas much smaller than a city and was closely associated with developers trying to

make a profit from a piece of land.Even when these small-scale plans were well designed, the developers made only those improvements that were absolutely necessary to attract the wealthy segment of the market.Indeed,it was the absence of true urban planning that allowed other factors to play such an important role in shaping the nineteenth-century American city.

1.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted

sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.Understanding the growth of cities in nineteenth-century America requires recognizing how the City Beautiful Movement of the 1890s changed "urban planning.

B.For the most part there was no urban planning”as that term is understood today before the beqinning of the City Beautiful Movement in the 1890s.

C.oncerns for spatial and service organization had little impact on the growth of cities before the 1890s when the City Beautiful Movement began.

D.The growth of cities in nineteenth-century America resulted in the creation of the City Beautiful Movement in the 1890s and the rise of the term "urban planning."

首先我們先明確題目的要求，其實題目中一共應該是3個核心重點要求:

(1)best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage

(2)Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways

(3)or leave out essential information.

通過對題目的分析我們不難發現，essential這個單詞出現了2次，換言之，題目要求大家做的是“找出句子的核心含義”，那么什么算是“核心含義”呢?要明白這個問題就要深刻理解一個概念:英語句內邏輯結構

比如

althoughAB中AB兩部分為讓步轉折關系，核心點是轉折后的B句，becauseAB中AB兩部分為因

朱天茶用羊云 炫心點是結論句，相這樣的理論我們來對之前的句子進行心下外理。，核心總是結論8句。很據這樣的埋論我們來對之別的句子進行以個外埋

(1)找到邏輯關系詞:

In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth centuryone cannot really use the term "urban planning”as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service

organization which, in most instances,did not exist before the planning revolution called the Cit

Beautiful Movement that began in the1890s

AasB因果關系，核心是結論A

(2)找到從句/分句鏈接詞和從句/分句

(分句)In discussingthe qrowth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth centuryone cannot really use the term "urban planning,”as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization which(從句)in most instancesdid not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that began in the1890s

(3)剔除次要成分，從句，分句，僅保留句子主干

one cannot really use the term urban planning

(4)根據句子邏輯按照重要級進行排列

①one cannot really use the term urban planning

②as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization

③which, in most instancesdid not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that began in the1890s

④In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth century

到此為止，我們已經順利完成了對這句話的拆分，也明白了整句話中那部分是較重要的，那部分是次要的，下一步就應該考慮選項的選擇了。

因為題目的要求是:Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information

所以正確選項的邏輯應該是:在增加有重點①的情況下，越詳細越好，但只要沒有重點①，那就一定是錯誤選項。

到此，其實正確答案已經順利浮出水面，就是B選項:For the most partthere was no "urban planning," as that term is understood todaybefore the beginning of the City Beautiful

Movement in the1890s

以上就是真題及答案解析的全部內容。