雅思閱讀中非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)分析

雅思考試(國際英語語言測試系統(tǒng))是聽說讀寫四項英語交流能力的測試。它是為那些打算在以英語作為交流語言的國家或地區(qū)學(xué)習(xí)或工作的人們設(shè)置的英語語言水平考試。接下來一起看看雅思閱讀中非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)分析~

雅思閱讀之非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)分析

Ⅰ動詞不定式：

動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

1)構(gòu)成：(以動詞“do”為例)

主動態(tài)：一般式"to do";完成式"to have done";進(jìn)行式"to be doing";完成進(jìn)行式“to have been doing”

被動態(tài)：一般式"to be done";完成式“ to have been done"

否定式：not+不定式

2)不定式的時態(tài)：

①不定式的一般式表示的動作與主句謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生或之后發(fā)生。

He seems to know her address.(：=It seems that he knows her address.)

I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I’11 see you again.)

②不定式的進(jìn)行體表示的動作正在進(jìn)行，與主句謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。其用法主要有以下幾種情況：

a 常用在"appear，happen，pretend，seem，hope，promise"之后。

She pretended to be listening attentively.

Tom appeared to be living in this area.

I hope to be earning my living in a year’s time.(I hope 1 will/would be earning my living)

I promised to be waiting at the door when he came out.

b 常用在"believe，consider，suppose，think，know，report，say，understand"等動詞的被動式之后。

He is thought/known/believed/said/supposed to be living in this area = People think/know/ believe/ say/suppose that she is living abroad.[據(jù)認(rèn)為(據(jù)知，據(jù)信，據(jù)說，據(jù)猜測)她住在國外。]

[注]“be supposed to”通常含有“應(yīng)該”意思，表示一定的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。

You are supposed to know how to use a computer=You should know how to use a computer.

You are supposed to have been studying=You should have been studying.

Students are not supposed to cook in their dormitory=Students shouldn’t cook in their dormitory.

3)不定式的完成體：

①用于表達(dá)發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之前的動作或狀態(tài)，也可以表達(dá)預(yù)計在將來某一時刻之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)。

I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.(=I am sorry that I have given you so much trouble.)

We’re leaving at five o’clock in the morning，and hope to have done most of the journey by lunchtime.

②不定式完成進(jìn)行體主要用于“appear，seem，happen，pretend"等之后，也可用于"believe，know，report，say，understand"等動詞的被動式之后。

He appears to have been waiting for a long time.

He is believed to have been waiting for a message.

[注]不定式的完成進(jìn)行體與不定式的完成體略有不同，試比較：

He seems to have eaten the apples.(蘋果已被吃光。)

He seems to have been eating the apples.(蘋果尚未完全吃光。)

③不定式的完成體還可以表達(dá)本該發(fā)生卻未發(fā)生的事情常帶這種不定式的謂語動詞有：“pretend，intend， appear，seem，should like，expect"等。